In the context of root protection, which statement is true about mycorrhizal associations?

• A. They increase root absorption of water and nutrients
• B. They release acids to break down soil compounds
• C. They extend life of root tips
• D. They dig trenches in soil to aerate it

Answer: (A)

Mycorrhizal associations are symbiotic relationships in which fungi form networks with plant roots to dramatically extend the root’s reach into the soil. The fungal hyphae multiply the surface area available for absorption, reaching into small soil pores that root hairs can’t access. This expanded network allows the plant to take up more water and essential nutrients, especially phosphorus, improving overall root function and resilience. The other options describe activities that aren’t the defining effect of mycorrhizae—releasing acids to break down soil compounds, extending root tips, or digging trenches to aerate soil. The direct and most impactful outcome of these associations is the increased absorption of water and nutrients.